Bulleh Shah’s Kafi: A Reflection on Chaotic Times

Current events remind me of a very popular kafi (verse, from Arabic lit. Qafiya – rhyming pattern) by the 17th century Sufi philosopher poet Bullah Shah (or, Bulle Shah) – Ultey Hor Zamaane aaye ('Chaotic Times Are Here’): Ulṭey hor zamaaney aaye Taan mein bhed sajan de paayePerverse (topsy-turvy) times are upon us Revealing the …

Thankfully yours

India, invaded by various races – Mongols, Afghans, Turks, Iranians and the British – to name a few, was always able to absorb and enrich not just itself but also the occupying forces over the centuries through an assimilation of each others cultures, cuisines, languages and customs. For instance, the profound influence of Persian poet …